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Glaucoma is a group of eye disorders that gradually damage the optic nerve, the vital pathway that transmits visual information from the eyes to the brain. This damage often leads to irreversible vision loss and, if left untreated, can result in complete blindness. One of the most alarming aspects of glaucoma is that it typically progresses without noticeable symptoms until significant vision loss has occurred.
The exact cause of glaucoma is not always clear, but it is often associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP). The eye produces a clear fluid called aqueous humor, which helps maintain the eye's shape and nourishes its tissues. In a healthy eye, this fluid drains out through a mesh-like channel. In glaucoma, this drainage system becomes clogged or inefficient, leading to elevated IOP, which in turn damages the optic nerve over time.
Glaucoma can affect individuals of all ages, but certain groups are at a higher risk:
The risk of developing glaucoma increases with age, particularly for those over 60.
If you have a close relative with glaucoma, your risk is higher.
People of African, Hispanic, and Asian descent are at a greater risk of certain types of glaucoma.
Conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease can elevate the risk.
Prolonged use of corticosteroids can increase the risk of glaucoma.
Individuals with severe nearsightedness may have a higher risk.
Since glaucoma often develops without noticeable symptoms, regular eye exams are crucial for early detection. Comprehensive eye exams may include:
Measures intraocular pressure.
Assesses your peripheral vision.
Captures detailed images of the optic nerve.
Allows the doctor to view the optic nerve.
Examines the drainage angle of the eye.
While there is no cure for glaucoma, early diagnosis and proper management can significantly slow its progression and preserve vision. Treatment options include:
Eye drops or oral medications can reduce intraocular pressure by increasing drainage or reducing fluid production.
In cases where medications and laser therapy are ineffective, surgical options like trabeculectomy or drainage implant placement might be considered.
Procedures like selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) can improve drainage efficiency.
Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and maintaining overall health can contribute to glaucoma management.
Glaucoma's insidious nature makes routine eye exams crucial, especially if you fall into a high-risk category. By understanding its causes, recognising its risk factors, and undergoing regular screenings, you can take proactive steps to protect your vision.
If diagnosed with glaucoma, early intervention and appropriate treatment can go a long way in managing the condition and maintaining the quality of your eyesight. Call us on 02 9371 0093 or book online for personalised guidance and care.
Kofsky Optometry provides full-service general eye care. We provide you a 360 degree wrap around service – all inhouse, making your eye care easy, comfortable and yes, even enjoyable for you.
